Sub-Saharan Africa suffers greater food insecurity than anywhere in the world and climate change has exacerbated the problem. The effects of changing weather patterns are being felt acutely. This month the US-funded Famine Early Warning System reported that farmers in the southern region of Ethiopia had managed to plant only 50 - 70% of their crops because of the late rains. The outlook for people affected by food shortages is bleak with UNICEF estimating that 242,000 children aged under five in the region will need treatment for malnutrition.
There is growing body of evidence showing the importance of harnessing the effects of climate change in agricultural practice. Recent research from South Africa suggests the detrimental effects of climate change on farming are well publicised but only a fraction of farmers can meet the challenge of adapting to changing weather patterns.
In South Africa's Limpopo Basin only 30% of farmers have managed to do this. Researchers say the main hindrance is not farmers' lack of knowledge, but their difficulty securing business loans. "Lack of access to credit was cited by respondents as the main factor inhibiting adaptation," writes the report's author, Glwadys Aymone Gbetibouo who surveyed 794 farm households during the 2004 - 2005 farming season. Some of the policy recommendations in this paper are for the government to make access to affordable credit and promote efficient water use through pricing reforms and defining property rights.
Examples of successful adaptation undertaken by farmers who could afford to make changes ranged from increasing irrigation and changing planting dates to using drought resistant crop varieties.
The study produced by the International Food Policy Research Institute is featured in a new climate change series, Joto Afrika (Swahili for Africa is feeling the heat) published by the Arid Lands Information Network (ALIN) in Kenya in partnership with AfricaAdapt and the UK's Institute of Development Studies.
Source: Panos London
