War in Ukraine would worsen the factors holding back Africa's recovery from the coronavirus pandemic despite small direct economic links, it said, due to higher commodity prices, tighter global monetary policy and a fall in foreign financial flows.
"(The war's) largest impact is on the increasing likelihood of civil strife as a result of food- and energy-fuelled inflation amid an environment of heightened political instability," the World Bank said in its latest Africa's Pulse report.
"The existing debt relief and resolution mechanisms have been insufficient to bring down debt levels," the report, released ahead of International Monetary Fund Spring Meetings next week, said.
"Improvements are much needed to avoid a large wave of debt crisis among developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan African countries."
It added that Ghana, whose currency has fallen 17.9% against the dollar this year, was "leading the way" when it comes to concerns about countries' debt sustainability, although it forecast growth of 5.5% for the country in 2022.
Ghana's government has said it would not seek IMF help.
The World Bank said its upgraded growth estimate for last year was driven by increases of 1.2% and 0.3% in 2021 figures for Nigeria and South Africa, although it warned of ongoing "sluggish" growth in Nigeria, South Africa and Angola.
South Africa would grow 2.1% this year, Angola 2.9% and Nigeria 3.8%, the World Bank forecast, while Ivory Coast would be the fastest-growing west African economy at 5.7%, and east Africa's biggest economy Kenya would expand 5%.
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